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The research, conducted by Liverpool John Moores University, involved two groups: one consuming less than 1.5 litres of water daily and another meeting or exceeding recommended hydration levels. The study followed the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) guidelines, which advise a daily intake of 2.5 litres for men and 2 litres for women.
Experts suggest keeping a water bottle nearby, especially during stressful situations, to support long-term mental and physical well-being. Proper hydration can serve as a simple but effective strategy for moderating the body’s stress response.
While the UK’s Eatwell Guide recommends six to eight cups of fluid daily (around 1.5 to 2 litres), researchers note that hydration needs may increase in hot weather, during physical activity, or for those who are ill, pregnant, or breastfeeding.