World's largest walnut forest in Kyrgyzstan slowly thinning

Forest once dense, Now thinning

Residents recall a time when the walnut forest was so dense and untamed that people were hesitant to venture deep inside. Today, the woodland has noticeably thinned, drawing larger crowds during the harvest season. For local communities, the walnut groves remain both a cultural symbol and a vital economic resource for the region.

Climate stress and falling yields

Experts highlight the forest’s remarkable diversity of walnut species, yet harvests have steadily decreased in recent years. Traders say they now receive far fewer nuts than they did in previous decades, attributing the decline to increasingly hot and dry conditions that damage the kernels and affect their quality. Central Asia’s temperatures have risen by around 1.5°C since 1991—twice the global average—leading to more frequent droughts that dry out the soil and weaken the groves.

Local efforts to restore the forest

Communities have attempted to revive the forest by planting millions of saplings in nearby nurseries. However, persistent water shortages across the region have slowed progress. Young trees can go weeks without irrigation, surviving only on their remaining internal moisture.

Human pressures and overgrasing

Growing livestock herds, driven by limited pastureland, have trampled the soil and consumed new shoots, hindering regeneration. Illegal logging also continues as many households rely on firewood rather than more costly fuel alternatives. Local authorities issue fines and encourage farmers to reduce herd sizes, while community leaders urge residents to help preserve the walnut groves.

Unlocking economic potential

Some believe that increasing the economic value of walnuts could motivate stronger conservation efforts. Proposals include producing walnut oils, perfumes and other products for export, which could generate higher income and encourage better care of the forest.

Young innovators look ahead

A number of young entrepreneurs in the region are experimenting with traditional oil pressing to produce walnut and apricot oils, hoping to expand production and promote sustainable local industries. Many also see potential in eco-tourism, believing that attracting more visitors could create new opportunities and encourage long-term stewardship of the forest.