China tests underwater data pods to cut computing energy use

October 08, 2025 / 10:29 AM

Sharjah24 - AFP: In a groundbreaking experiment, Chinese engineers are preparing to submerge a pod of servers off the coast of Shanghai, aiming to reduce the massive energy costs of traditional data centres. The project, led by Highlander, a maritime equipment company, represents one of the world’s first commercial underwater data services.

Harnessing ocean cooling for greener computing

Unlike land-based centres that rely on air conditioning or water evaporation, underwater data pods use natural ocean currents for cooling, cutting energy consumption by up to 90 percent, according to Highlander vice president Yang Ye. The facility, set to launch mid-October, will serve clients such as China Telecom and a state-owned AI computing firm, aligning with China’s push for low-carbon technology.

Overcoming technical and construction challenges

Building underwater infrastructure comes with complex engineering obstacles. The Shanghai capsule, assembled onshore before submersion, will operate on renewable offshore wind power. Engineers used anti-corrosive coatings with glass flakes to protect steel structures from saltwater damage. A vertical access shaft connects maintenance crews to the submerged pod, while stable internet links remain a technical challenge.

Environmental concerns and ecological unknowns

Experts have warned of potential marine ecosystem disruption, as underwater heat discharge could alter species behaviour. Marine ecologist Andrew Want noted that further research is needed to assess the long-term impact. While earlier trials near Zhuhai showed minimal temperature effects, specialists like Shaolei Ren from UC Riverside urge caution, stressing that thermal pollution risks will grow as projects scale up.

Balancing innovation and sustainability

Underwater data centres may not replace conventional ones but could complement them for niche uses, particularly in coastal regions. With government subsidies—including 40 million yuan for previous trials—China is betting that sub-sea technology can become a viable, eco-friendly solution to the world’s growing data demands.