The four-storey block collapsed onto another residential building around 1:00 am (0000 GMT) in the north of the city, a senior fire brigade official told AFP on condition of anonymity.
Charles Elie Zang Zang, a Douala municipal councillor, added rescue services were searching through the rubble for survivors.
Douala's Laquintinie hospital stated it had taken in 13 patients and said two -- a girl of three and a young woman of 19 -- had died.
It added three other children among those injured were receiving emergency paediatric treatment.
Five people died in similar circumstances in Douala in 2016 when authorities blamed poor state of repairs and apparent violations of building regulations.
In June that year, local authorities identified 500 buildings in danger of collapse.
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