Zhong, in his late 60s, has seen his fortune swell following the stock listings last year of his Nongfu Spring mineral water and separate pharma company Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise, which has tapped into massive demand for Covid-19 test kits.
He is worth $60.5 billion, according to the Hurun Rich List, up seven percent.
Ranked third last year, Zhong was propelled to the top spot as the Communist Party government's drive to redistribute wealth in the name of equality sliced billions from the fortunes of other tycoons.
Ma, last year's richest, dropped to fifth as his fortune shrank 36 percent to $39.6 billion.
Ma and Alibaba fell out of favour with Beijing soon after he gave a speech late last year criticising China's financial regulators.
That resulted in Chinese officials spiking what would have been a world record $37 billion initial public offering for Alibaba's financial group Ant and kicked off a cascade of crackdowns on Chinese tech companies, alleged monopolistic practises, and powerful tycoons.
Pony Ma, boss of gaming giant and WeChat owner Tencent, dropped two spots to fourth as Chinese restrictions on video gaming reduced his fortune by 19 percent.
Second place was taken by TikTok founder Zhang Yiming.
The Hurun Research Institute, which compiles the list, said that for the first time the real estate sector had no names in the Top 10.
The sector's biggest loser was Xu Jiayin, founder of deeply troubled property giant Evergrande Group.
Xu had topped the list in 2017 and was fifth last year. But he has fallen to 70th with a nearly 70 percent reduction in his wealth to $11.3 billion, according to Hurun.
A liquidity crunch at Evergrande has hammered investor sentiment and rattled the country's crucial real estate market, while fanning fears of a possible contagion in the wider economy.
Chinese authorities have told Xu to use his dwindling personal wealth to alleviate the embattled company's debt crisis, according to media reports this week.
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